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What is the tool magazine of Cnc machining center?  What are the common types?

Tool magazine of CNC machining center tool magazine refers to the automatic production process can store tools and complete automatic tool change device.  Can store a number of different tools at the same time, controlled by the computer program, according to different processing needs to automatically switch different tools, without manual tool change.  Greatly saving the production time and operation intensity.  It changed the traditional way of production based on people.  The automatic tool changing device consists of a tool store and tool changing mechanism.

The biggest difference between CNC machining center and CNC milling machine lies in whether there is a tool magazine and automatic tool change device.  The common forms of CNC machining center tool magazine are: disc tool magazine, hat tool magazine and chain knife library.  The tool change mode of CNC machining center has two kinds of manipulator tool change and spindle tool change.  The disc tool magazine and chain tool magazine generally use manipulator tool, and the hat tool magazine generally use the spindle tool.  The biggest advantage of disc tool magazine is that the speed of changing cutting tool is very fast, twice as fast as the hat tool magazine, of course, the price is also more expensive than the hat tool magazine.

hat tool magazine: because of the shape of a hat, so called tool magazine, is the most common kind of tool magazine on the CNC machining center. The tool magazine capacity is generally 8-24. The hat tool magazine is small in volume and easy to install. There are few failures in use.  Automatic cutter change time is about 4-6 seconds.During automatic tool change of hat type tool magazine, the whole tool magazine moves parallel to the spindle, and the original tool on the spindle will be. When the tool on the spindle enters the tool magazine slot, the spindle will move upward and disengage from the tool magazine, and then the tool magazine will rotate. The target tool will align directly below the spindle, and the spindle will move downward to make the tool enter the conical hole of the spindle. After the tool is clamped, the tool magazine will return, The whole tool change process is completed.

Disc magazine: disc magazine is mainly composed of disc parts, bearings, bearing sleeves, shafts, box covers, pullers, locking discs, motors, sheaves, boxes, inductor switches, etc. The disc tool magazine can be configured to the machining center to realize the automatic tool change function. It can change the tool automatically without manual interference. It can carry out the automatic machining of workpiece clamping at one time, and complete the machining of multiple processes such as milling, boring, drilling, twisting and tapping, which not only improves the machining efficiency, but also greatly improves the machining accuracy.After the cutting tool is installed in the fixed position, no matter how many times thecutting tool is replaced, the tool is still in the fixed position. The total number of cutting tools in disc magazine is limited and should not be too many. Generally, 40# tool handles should not exceed 24 and 50# should not exceed 20. The disc tool magazine uses the mechanical tool arm to change the tool. The mechanical tool arm simultaneously pulls out the tool on the tool magazine and the spindle, rotates 180 °, and then inserts the tool at the same time. This tool change speed is very fast. Because of its fast tool changing speed, it can be used not only in ordinary CNC machining centers, but also in high-speed CNC machining centers and gantry CNC machining centers. It is worth noting that when using the cutter arm type tool magazine in the gantry CNC machining center, the tool change can not be completed in just a few seconds like the ordinary CNC machining center. Due to its different structure, the tool change time of the disc tool magazine on the gantry CNC machining center needs to be doubled.

Chain tool magazine: it stores a large number of cutting tools. It is suitable for CNC machining centers with large tool magazine capacity. It is usually used in horizontal CNC machining centers. The multi axial tool taking of chain magazine is that the cutting tool to be changed is transferred to the specified position by the chain, and the tool is installed on the spindle by the manipulator. Although the chain magazine has large capacity, the positioning accuracy is low. The chain structure of chain magazine determines that there are obvious defects in the magazine itself; Poor mechanical rigidity and large transmission clearance lead to poor positioning accuracy of tool magazine, which often leads to machine tool failure. The cutting tool change time is also quite long.

What are the reasons for the failure of CNC machining center tool magazine?

1.The tool magazine cannot rotate or cannot rotate in place
The reasons why the tool magazine cannot rotate may be as follows: the coupling connecting the motor shaft and the worm shaft is loose; If the frequency converter fails, check whether the input and output voltages of the frequency converter are normal;PLC has no control output, which may be the failure of the relay in the interface board;Mechanical connection is too tight;The grid voltage is too low.The reasons why the tool magazine does not rotate in place may include motor rotation failure and transmission mechanism error.

2.The cutting toolsleeve is not in place

The reason may be: improper adjustment of the device or large processing error caused by the fork position is not correct;  Limit switch               installation is not correct or improper adjustment caused by feedback signal error.

3.The tool sleeve of the tool magazine cannot clamp thecuttingtool

The reason why the cutting tool sleeve cannot clamp the cutting tool may be that the adjusting screw on the tool sleeve is loose or the spring is too loose, resulting in insufficient clamping force; Or the cutting tool is overweight.