Differences between CNC Lathes and Ordinary Lathes

Is it the right time to shift from ordinary lathes to CNC lathe machines?

Well, it is a question many people ask – but it all depends on the scope of work at hand. The two types of lathe machines play fundamental role in the fabrication industry.

However, choosing the right lathe machines depends on understanding the differences between the two – let’s dive right in:

What is a CNC Lathe?

CNC stands for computer numerical control, and this means that the operation of the lathe is controlled by computer software. You set the inputs for dimensions and features that you want in it, and the machine cuts, drills, and shapes it with precision.

There are numerous advantages for you, including saving time on manual work, increasing output, and being able to accurately produce intricate designs.

What is an Ordinary Lathe?

An ordinary lathe also called manual lathe is a manually operated machine tool that holds the workpiece and rotates it about an axis. You steer the cutting tools, and relative to them, the workpiece, to make the shape, drill, or cut you want. Simpler types of lathes include the headstock, tailstock, carriage, and bed functions that make up the equipment.

Manual Lathe Machine

Manual Lathe Machine

Key Differences between CNC Lathes and Ordinary Lathes

Operation and Control

· Manual vs. Automated

With an ordinary lathe, all the operations are carried out manually, and this involves moving the cutting tools and workpiece by hand. With a CNC lathe, these processes are controlled by computer software, which eliminates variability and the need to constantly watch over the machine.

· Control Mechanisms

In an ordinary lathe, there are slides and levers for the settings and to control the tools by handwheels. This should ideally be done with a lot of skill and experience because, let’s not forget, measurements should be precise.

A CNC lathe is operated by inputting commands to a computer control panel, from which the CNC coordinates the tool movements and operations. This enables massive and repetitive job machining with restricted human interference.

Precision and Accuracy

· Tolerances

With the ordinary lathe, if you need tight-tolerance parts, it will take a practitioner and further manual micromanagement. Coordination is somewhat difficult to maintain, and it becomes quite difficult to be consistent with precision in elaborate operations. However, when using a CNC lathe, it is very easy to produce high levels of precision and accuracy. Since the whole process is computer-controlled, there is little or no margin for error or a chance for different thicknesses.

· Repeatability

In an ordinary lathe, it could be slightly problematic to carry out the same operation several times due to human factors. But in the case of a CNC lathe, your work has accuracy for the simple reason that the cutting tool can go back to the same point repeatedly.

Programs, once set, can be repeated over and over to create the same part with flawless replication, thereby making large production lines consistent.

Production Speed and Efficiency

· Batch Production

Batch production is also much faster and more efficient when you are using a CNC lathe. It enables you to set up the machine once and then have it create many similar parts without any intervention on your part.

These dependencies, as well as the automation, help to cut down on the time taken to produce the products to the bare minimum.

Using an ordinary lathe, you have to make adjustments to specific settings on your own, and this is time-consuming and productive for mistakes. Another difference between CNC lathes is their ability to produce a large number since they involve automation of the process.

· Setup and Changeover Times

CNC lathe operation set-up and change-over time are reduced significantly. It is really very simple, and once the program and the materials are fed into it, the machine is operational. Especially when changing from one activity to another or from one product to another, this efficiency is highly valued.

In an ordinary lathe, setup and changeover are performed manually, which entails tool changes and recalibrations, which are time-consuming. On the CNC lathe, you can easily switch from one job to another and thus save time and increase output in your production line.

Flexibility and Capabilities

· Complexity of Tasks

This is an added advantage because whenever you are using a CNC lathe, you can always handle a complicated job. It has a computer that enables the operator to design the product and make complex cuts that cannot be done by hand.

It can be used to make parts with intricate shapes, fine surface finishes, and strict dimensional controls systematically.

Even with all the necessary diligence and great manual dexterity, you may fail to achieve the goal of such work on an ordinary lathe. This is because there is usually an assurance that even complicated tasks will be handled proficiently when using a CNC lathe.

· Customization and Adaptability

Basically, what is impressive about the CNC lathe is that it brings the essence of customization and adaptability within your reach. It is easy to make changes to the programs rapidly in order to build other sections, change modes, or alter details.

This flexibility is useful when a project is undergoing a change in expectations and does not take time to set up.

On the other hand, when using an ordinary lathe, customization is a process of making adjustments physically and using tools to change. This can be tiresome and makes you incapable of adapting quickly to emerging requirements.

The use of a CNC lathe means that you can adapt the operations to synchronize with different and dynamic needs.

Cost Implications

· Initial Investment

Considering CNC lathes as an investment type, you should be ready for a slightly more expensive initial cost. These machines are costly because they possess sophisticated technologies and incorporate more automatic functions. However, this cost can be covered by the increase in productivity and precision that they cause.

On the other hand, an ordinary lathe is cheaper in terms of initial investment and is suitable for small-scale workshops or DIY. When considering an ordinary lathe, you should know that by not automating the process, you can end up with smaller production output.

Here are more insights on: How much CNC Lathe Cost.

· Maintenance and operation costs

CNC lathes are generally costly in terms of maintenance and operation since the machines’ technology and components are complex. The machine will require servicing and possibly even the services of trained professionals to have it repaired. However, the software may also need updating, and perhaps employees should also be trained on its usage.

However, an ordinary lathe often has fewer maintenance expenses because it uses fewer complex mechanical components and materials. Simple maintenance and repair work can be done without the help of a mechanic. The trade-off is that the manual operation may raise your labor costs and time spent on each project.

Parts in CNC Lathes that are not in Ordinary Lathes

Main Parts of CNC Lathe Machine

Main Parts of CNC Lathe Machine

CNC Control Panel

The use of a CNC control panel necessitates the input of new instructions that, in turn, the machine follows.

You use this for the control of all processes through a computer, which offers accurate and automated operations. In an ordinary lathe, something like this is not present; all functions are operated by a hand.

Automated Tool Changer

The CNC lathe offers an automatic tool changer that quickly and efficiently changes the cutting tools without having to involve the operator.

This feature improves productivity and enables intricate operations to be performed on the part.

Sensors and Feedback Systems

CNC lathes are fitted with sensors and feedback mechanisms that observe the entire process of machining. They guarantee accuracy in that these adjustments are done in real-time based on data that has been gathered.

Servo Motors

A CNC lathe has servo motors that control the movement of the tool and the workpiece in a precise manner. These motors get their commands from the control panel and perform these commands in precise ways.

Enclosed Work Area

Modern CNC lathes may have a covered structure to minimize the spread of chips and provide protection during high-velocity operations. This enclosure ensures that there is no direct interference by people or animals; hence, it is a way of moderating hygiene too.

Applications

· Ordinary lathe

    • One-off parts or small batch production.
    • Repair and maintenance shops.
    • Learning basic machining skills.

· CNC lathe

    • Mass production of identical parts.
    • Complex components with tight tolerances.
    • High-volume manufacturing environments.

Conclusion

CNC lathes are computerized, accurate, and timely, making them suitable for intricate and repetitive work. Whereas ordinary lathes are cheaper and more appropriate for simple operations. Select wisely, depending on your requirements.

More resources:

Types of CNC Machines – Source: TSINFA

Lathe Machine – Source: TSINFA