Differences between ordinary lathe, CNC horizontal lathe and vertical lathe:

According to the structure, lathe machines can be divided into vertical lathe machines and horizontal lathe machines. According to the control mode, it can be divided into ordinary manual lathe machine and CNC lathe machine. Ordinary horizontal lathe machines, CNC horizontal lathe machines and vertical lathe machines (our company mainly produces vertical CNC lathe machines) are generally sold in the market. What is the difference between them? Please refer to the following.

1. Different definitions and properties

Horizontal general lathe machine and horizontal numerical control lathe machine are machine tools that mainly use turning tools to turn rotating workpieces. The spindle of the horizontal lathe machine is horizontal and level. The spindle of the horizontal lathe machine is on the left side of the lathe machine. It has a flat bed. Used for axle, shaft and disc parts.

Ordinary horizontal lathe machine is a horizontal lathe machine that can process various processes for various types of workpieces such as shaft, disc and ring. It is commonly used to process the internal and external rotating surfaces, end faces and various internal and external threads of workpieces. It can also drill, ream, tap and knurl with corresponding tools and accessories.

CNC horizontal lathe machine is simply a horizontal lathe machine controlled by digital program. It is an automatic lathe machine with program automatic control. The whole system can logically process the programs specified by control code or other symbolic instructions, then compile them automatically, and then compile them comprehensively, So that the action of the whole machine tool can be processed according to the original program. The operation and monitoring of the control unit of this CNC horizontal lathe machine are all completed in the CNC unit. The spindle of CNC horizontal lathe machine adopts manual control, mechatronics design, beautiful appearance, reasonable structure, wide application and convenient operation. The CNC horizontal lathe machine can realize automatic control and can turn the internal and external circles, end faces, grooves, arbitrary conical surfaces, spherical surfaces, male and British threads, conical threads and other processes of various parts, which is suitable for mass workpiece production. The CNC system can be configured with standard RS232 interface, so the machine tool can enter the DNC system.

Vertical lathe machine is mainly used for large parts. Vertical lathe machine is a large mechanical equipment, which is used to process large and heavy workpieces with large radial size, relatively small axial size and complex shape. The spindle of a vertical lathe machine is vertical and upright, which is equivalent to erecting an ordinary horizontal lathe machine. The spindle of vertical lathe machine is on the bed, which is used for large parts such as brake hub. Vertical lathe machines are also numerically controlled. Due to the increasing shortage of high-tech talents to operate vertical lathe machines, many new factories and enterprises use CNC vertical lathe machines to improve productivity and product quality, and reduce scrap rate and cost.

2. Different working range

Like ordinary lathe machines, CNC lathe machines are also used to process the rotating surface of parts. Generally, it can automatically complete the processing of cylindrical surface, conical surface, spherical surface and thread, and can also process some complex surfaces of revolution, such as hyperboloid, etc.

The workpiece installation methods of lathe machine and ordinary lathe machine are basically the same. In order to improve the processing efficiency, CNC lathe machines mostly use hydraulic, pneumatic and electric chucks.

The shape of CNC lathe machine is similar to that of ordinary lathe machine, that is, it is composed of bed, headstock, tool holder, feed system, pressure system, cooling and lubrication system, etc.

The feed system of CNC lathe machine is qualitatively different from that of ordinary lathe machine. The traditional ordinary lathe machine has feed box and exchange gear carrier, while the CNC lathe machine directly uses servo motor to drive slide plate and tool carrier through ball screw to realize feed movement, so the structure of feed system is greatly simplified.

When the vertical lathe machine works, the weight of the workpiece is directly loaded on the workbench, and the workbench disperses the weight on the bed. Therefore, the vertical lathe machine has large bearing capacity and good rigidity. It is suitable for processing large, large diameter and small length workpieces, such as discs, hubs, gear blanks, etc.

The workpiece of the horizontal lathe machine is clamped on the chuck to transfer the load to the main shaft, which is borne by the front and rear main bearings, so the bearing capacity is small and the rigidity is poor. However, the horizontal lathe machine is very convenient for observation and operation, so it is suitable for processing small and medium-sized discs and shaft parts, that is, small and medium-sized parts and long parts.

Vertical lathe machine belongs to large mechanical equipment, which is used to process large and heavy workpieces with large radial size, relatively small axial size and complex shape. Such as cylindrical surface, end face, conical surface, cylindrical hole, conical hole, etc. Additional devices can also be used for thread turning, spherical turning, profiling, milling and grinding. For processing large workpieces and workpieces that are not easy to be clamped in the sleeper car, when the rotation diameter is met, too heavy workpieces are not easy to be clamped in the horizontal lathe machine. Due to their own weight, it has an impact on the machining accuracy, so the vertical car can solve the above problems. Compared with the horizontal lathe machine, the clamping of workpieces on the clamping decoration of the horizontal lathe machine. The spindle axis of the vertical lathe machine is vertically arranged, and the worktable is in the horizontal plane, so the clamping and alignment of the workpiece are more convenient. This layout reduces the load on the spindle and bearing, so the vertical lathe machine can maintain the working accuracy for a long time. CNC vertical lathe machine is suitable for processing medium and small disc and cover parts.

3. Different advantages

Ordinary lathe machines are driven by gears and ordinary lead screws and nuts. Due to the gap between the motion pairs and the inaccurate manual operation, the repetition accuracy is low. The measurement of ordinary lathe machine needs manual measurement after stopping, which has large measurement error and low efficiency. It is suitable for spare parts with small batch and low precision requirements. The investment of machines is much lower than that of CNC lathe machines, but the requirements for workers’ operating skills are high, so the wages of workers will be high. The scrap rate and productivity of low-level workers will annoy you. Ordinary lathe machine is difficult to process parts with high precision, large batch and complex shape. But small batch production is also easy to use.

The use of CNC lathe machine processing products and general lathe machine processing products have many advantages. Using CNC lathe machine to process products can greatly improve production efficiency. After the clamping of the whole workpiece is completed, input the prepared processing program. The whole lathe machine can automatically complete the machining process. Relatively speaking, when the machined parts are changed, they usually only need to change a series of CNC programs. Therefore, to some extent, this can greatly shorten the whole machining time. Compared with the machining of machine tools, it can improve the production efficiency.

The CNC lathe machine drives the ball screw drive by the stepping motor. Because the ball screw can have interference and there is no gap in the drive, the accuracy is mainly guaranteed by the machine tool itself and the program. It can be measured automatically in the machining process, and can automatically compensate the errors caused by tool wear and other reasons. Therefore, the processing quality is good and the precision is stable. It can also be programmed to turn out complex shapes. The maintenance cost of CNC lathe machine is higher than that of ordinary lathe machine. The guide rail of CNC horizontal lathe machine bed adopts ultra audio frequency quenching technology, strong wear resistance, high precision, advanced spindle system structure, stable speed and high cutting performance. The longitudinal and transverse are driven by ball screw. Excellent dynamic response and low noise.

Vertical lathe machines can generally be divided into single column and double column. Small vertical lathe machines are generally made into single column type, and large vertical lathe machines are made into double column type. The vertical lathe machine adopts high-strength cast iron base and column, which has good stability and seismic performance. Moreover, the worktable with large diameter is horizontally arranged, and there are tool holders on the beam and column, which can work independently or at the same time The machining diameter is more than the length. Vertical structure, easy to clamp workpiece. The worktable is supported by guide rail, with good rigidity and stable cutting. The main parameter of vertical lathe machine is the maximum turning diameter D. Please refer to this parameter requirement when purchasing.